This first episode touches on Mitch’s journey writing The Dream Machine and the period from the 1940s through the 1970s, which includes: The philosophy underlying hardware and software, the work of intellectual contributors such as Vannevar Bush, Von Nuemann (“Von Neumann”의 오타일 것으로 생각함), and Claude Shannon; interactive computing, the Arpanet, World war II as a catalyst for computing, timesharing, JCR Licklider’s intergalactic network, Arpa’s woodstock moment, and the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, also known as PARC.
This second installment of our three-part series with Mitch Waldrop continues from where we left off in episode 1. We launch back into the 70s and make our way through the 80s, 90s, and up to present time. Mitch also offers some thoughts on the future and shares a bit about his recent work.
Our third and final episode with Mitch includes the story behind the intellectual forefather of the internet and interactive computing, JCR Licklider. This was the first recording we did with Mitch which covers a sprawling and wide range of topics, including: JCR Licklider’s role in the research and engineering of personal computing, Xerox PARC and the personal computing revolution, contributions from Alan Turing and Norbert Wiener, adoption of TCP/IP, and the nature of software and computing.
metabolized to produce catecholamines such as dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) taken as a supplement to help increase catecholamine levels depleted during stressful or challenging conditions
used in the production of thyroid hormones
benefits
related to its ability to replenish catecholamine levels in the brain, which can become depleted under stressful conditions
Multiple studies have demonstrated that L-tyrosine can help to prevent declined cognitive function under stressful, cognitively demanding conditions
Although it has not been shown to improve memory under resting conditions, L-tyrosine supplementation has been shown to alleviate reduced memory under acutely stressful conditions.
Overall L-tyrosine appears to be safe and well-tolerated at moderate doses, with one 2-week human trial using a dose of 2500 mg, provided three times per day, and another trial using single doses of up to 150 mg/kg of body weight (around 10,000 mg for a 68 kg/150 lb individual), both with no adverse effects.
drawbacks
Although L-tyrosine has shown beneficial effects in some studies, it has a mixed track record for efficacy, with some studies failing to observe positive effects on cognition.
This may be partially explained by the fact that L-tyrosine increases catecholamine synthesis only when catecholamine levels are depleted, limiting efficacy to sufficiently stressful or challenging conditions. Efficacy may also vary in different individuals, as highlighted by one study that found that the effects of L-tyrosine on cognitive function become detrimental with older age.
There are also possible contraindications for L-tyrosine supplementation in people with hyperthyroidism or anyone taking L-dopa or monoamine oxidase inhibitors. If this applies to you, consult with your physician before supplementing with L-tyrosine.
works
used in the body to make the catecholamines dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE), which can become depleted under stressful or cognitively challenging conditions.
After supplementation, L-tyrosine levels in the blood peak after one to two hours, and stay elevated for up to eight hours.
then passes through the blood-brain barrier, where it is absorbed by brain cells and converted in a series of enzymatic reactions to DA, which can be converted to NE through the action of another enzyme.
The ability of L-tyrosine to enhance catecholamine synthesis only in neurons that are actively firing may explain its ability to reverse the effects of neurotransmitter depletion during stress
dosage
tends to be taken in doses of 500–2000 mg approximately 30–60 minutes before any acute stressor (this tends to be exercise)
Studies in humans showing most anti-stress promise for acute supplemental L-Tyrosine use a dosage range of 100–150 mg/kg of bodyweight which can be taken 60 minutes before exercise; this is a dosage range of 9–13.5 g for a 200 lb person and 7–10 g for a 150 lb person.
If using higher doses and finding digestive issues, this may be split into two doses separated by half an hour (30 and 60 minutes prior to acute stress).
‘공먹젤 익스트림‘이 ‘공먹젤‘에 비해 더 가지고 있는 요소가 L-Tyrosine이어서 궁금해 확인
Possibly up to 1,500 American officials at home and abroad have suffered brain and other injuries in recent years from a mysterious malady that is reported to have begun in Havana in 2016 and has since been known as Havana Syndrome.
While aspects of these health incidents remain a mystery, they recall a series of historically documented Soviet technical operations against the US embassy in Moscow that began in 1953 and lasted for decades, providing credible evidence of serious harm to numerous diplomats and other US officials.
Since the fall of the Soviet Union, President Vladimir Putin and Russian military officers have publicly bragged about developing weapons that could cause health effects similar to Havana Syndrome. After attacks on officials of successive administrations, CIA Director William Burns may finally have put an end to such incidents by threatening the Russians with retaliation.
But the policy of tolerating, denying, and concealing decades of Russian attacks, at the expense of American officials, has harmed the credibility and weakened the power of the US government to deter other acts of aggression.
(article) “Unraveling Havana Syndrome: New evidence links the GRU’s assassination Unit 29155 to mysterious attacks on U.S. officials and their families”
A yearlong investigation by The Insider, in collaboration with 60 Minutes and Der Spiegel, has uncovered evidence suggesting that unexplained anomalous health incidents, also known as Havana Syndrome, may have their origin in the use of directed energy weapons wielded by members of Russian GRU Unit 29155. Members of the Kremlin’s infamous military intelligence sabotage squad have been placed at the scene of suspected attacks on overseas U.S. government personnel and their family members, leading victims to question what Washington knows about the origins of Havana Syndrome, and what an appropriate Western response might entail.
(article) “CIA doctor hit by Havana syndrome says he was in ‘disbelief’ as he suffered what he was investigating”
CIA physician Dr. Paul Andrews was one of the first people sent to Havana, Cuba, to investigate a spate of mysterious health incidents that were impacting embassy and agency personnel in 2017 when he was struck by the same set of debilitating symptoms, he told CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta in his first public interview for a CNN Special Report: “Immaculate Concussion: The Truth About Havana Syndrome.”
(article) “A ‘Havana Syndrome’ Investigation in Congress Rest on Politics, Not Science”
Lawmakers should look in the mirror if they want answers to who hyped dubious reports of Havana syndrome. Instead they are investigating the spy agencies telling them the truth about the mystery
A definitive diagnosis of CTE can only be made during an autopsy, as it cannot be confirmed in living individuals. While some researchers link certain signs and symptoms to CTE, no conclusive test exists to identify it in living people. Additionally, the signs often resemble those of other neurological conditions like Alzheimer’s.
행정기관등의 장은 전자정부서비스를 제공할 때 해당 이용자 등의 신원을 확인할 필요가 있는 경우에는 「전자서명법」 제2조제2호에 따른 전자서명(서명자의 실지명의를 확인할 수 있는 것을 말한다. 이하 “전자서명”이라 한다)이나 국회규칙, 대법원규칙, 헌법재판소규칙, 중앙선거관리위원회규칙 및 대통령령으로 정하는 방법으로 그 신원을 확인할 수 있다.
2024-12-27(금)부터 주민등록증(17세 이상 전 국민이 사용, 2023-12 기준 4,427만명이 사용)에 모바일 신분증 도입, 실물 주민등록증을 들고 다닐 필요 없이 휴대전화에 이를 저장해 사용할 수 있다.
2023-12-26 모바일 주민등록증 발급 근거를 담은 「주민등록법」이 개정되어 1년 간의 준비를 거친 후 2024-12-27(금) 시행될 예정. 이와 관련하여 행정안전부(장관 이상민)는 2024-05-30일 모바일 주민등록증 발급 절차, 보안대책 등 세부사항을 담은 「주민등록법 시행령」 및 「주민등록법 시행규칙」 개정안을 각각 입법예고 한다고 밝혔다.
행정안전부는 2021년 모바일 공무원증을 시작으로 2022년 운전면허증, 2023년 국가보훈등록증 등으로 모바일 신분증을 확대하였다. 2024-12-27(금)부터는 모바일 주민등록증도 발급받을 수 있다.
모바일 주민등록증은 실물 주민등록증을 발급받은 사람이 희망하는 경우 신청할 수 있다. 발급 방법은 다음 두 가지
읍면동 주민센터를 방문하여 본인 확인을 거친 후 신청 이 경우 발급 수수료는 무료이나, 휴대전화를 바꿀 경우 주민센터를 방문하여 모바일 주민등록증을 재발급받아야 한다.
실물 주민등록증을 IC주민등록증*모바일 주민등록증 발급에 필요한 보안사항을 전자적으로 저장한 집적회로(IC, Integrated Circuit) 칩이 내장된 주민등록증으로 발급받은 사람의 경우 휴대전화를 IC주민등록증에 태그 이 경우휴대전화를 바꾸더라도 주민센터를 방문하지 않고 모바일 주민등록증을 재발급받을 수 있어서 편리하나, IC칩 비용(5천원)을 부담해야 한다. * 모바일 주민등록증 발급에 필요한 보안사항을 전자적으로 저장한 집적회로(IC, Integrated Circuit) 칩이 내장된 주민등록증
모바일 주민등록증 확산을 위해 17세 이상 주민등록증을 최초로 발급받는 사람*이 IC주민등록증을 희망하는 경우 무료로 발급 * 2025년 주민등록증 최초 발급 대상자인 2008년 출생자는 468,773명
모바일 주민등록증의 위․변조 및 부정사용 방지를 위해
암호화 등 최신 보안기술 적용
본인 명의 단말기 1대에서만 발급 가능
휴대전화 분실 신고가 콜센터와 누리집에 접수되는 즉시 모바일 주민등록증의 효력이 중단
개인정보 보호를 위해 모바일 주민등록증의 유효기간을 두어 3년*마다 재발급받아야 * 휴대전화 교체주기(2년9개월)를 고려하여 3년으로 설정
행정안전부는 2024-05-31(금)부터 2024-07-10(수)까지 입법예고 기간(40일) 동안 국민과 관계기관 등 이해관계자의 다양한 의견을 수렴하여 개정안에 반영할 계획이다. 개정안은 관보와 국민참여입법센터(http://opinion.lawmaking.go.kr)에서 볼 수 있고, 개정안에 대한 의견은 우편, 팩스, 국민참여입법센터를 통해 제출할 수 있다.
2024년 모바일 신분증 민간개방 5개 참여기업(국민은행, 네이버, 농협은행, 비바리퍼블리카(토스), 카카오‧카카오뱅크 컨소시엄) 선정 2024-06-06
행정안전부(장관 이상민)는 2024년 모바일 신분증 민간개방 참여기업으로 ㈜국민은행, 네이버 주식회사, 농협은행 주식회사, ㈜비바리퍼블리카, 주식회사 카카오‧주식회사 카카오뱅크 컨소시엄 을 선정하였다고 밝혔다. 행정안전부 공고 제2024-884호 이번 모바일 신분증 민간개방 참여기업 선정으로 국민은 더 다양한 민간 앱을 통해 모바일 신분증을 발급받고 사용할 수 있게 된다.
민간개방 참여기업 선정을 위한 모집 공모는 지난 4월 29일부터 5월 24일까지 진행되었으며, 분야별 전문가 8인으로 구성된 선정위원회에서 이용 편의성, 안전성, 활성화 계획 등을 기준으로 5개 기업을 최종 선정했다. 선정된 참여기업은 6월부터 시스템 개발에 착수하여 연내 완료하고, 적합성 평가를 통과한 기업에 한해 모바일 신분증을 발급할 계획이다.
이상민 장관은 “신뢰하고 안심할 수 있는 디지털플랫폼정부 구현을 위해 민관협업을 지속 추진해 나가겠다”라며, “그간 모바일 신분증 서비스를 추진하면서 축적된 기술력을 기반으로 관련 분야 국제표준을 선도하고, 나아가 모바일 신분증 사업이 수출로 연결될 수 있도록 최선을 다하겠다”라고 말했다.
